Is Ectoplasm Truly Supernatural?

An ectoplasm face.
Is (or was) ectoplasm a truly supernatural phenomenon, or was it an elaborate fraud, as many asserted?
Ectoplasm enjoyed huge public interest in the 19th century when spiritualism was at its height. It comprised a sort of ineffable substance that (usually) emerged from a medium’s mouth, often forming a human shape. The photograph shown is of a head appearing to come out of the back of the neck of the materialization medium, Eva C. According to the medium, the face belonged to an entity named “Estelle”.
This experiment, conducted with Mme. Bisson and Professor Schrenck-Notzing as observers, was performed December 30, 1911.
Readers are invited to form their own conclusions on the authenticity of the image.




The documentation of Ectoplasm, has a checkered history, sceptics claim that it was just coloured muslim cloth, hidden in or on the body, which was then brought out with other conjuring tricks and shown as a spirit entity,
While the spiritualists maintain that it is the etheric or health aura from the body which is used after extrusion training to garb visiting spirits. Which explanation is true?
Actually they both are, both were proved to be the case at different times.
Victorain scientists actually weighed mediums with and without this bodily esence, and to read the original biblical copy of the witch of endor will explain the details in full
By T Stokes on February 16th, 2007 at 3:51 pm